Background and Aims: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, and caregivers play a key role in disease management. Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings on the link between caregivers’ asthma knowledge and treatment outcomes.This study aimed to explore this relationship and identify factors associated with poor asthma control.Method: A prospective study was conducted among children with asthma aged 2–15 years and initiating inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) between 2023 and 2024 at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. Six months after ICS treatment, caregivers completed a validated 16-item questionnaire assessing asthma knowledge (score range 16–64) and socio-demographic data. Asthma control levels, based on GINA criteria, were evaluated. Poor control was defined as partial or uncontrolled symptoms.Results: Caregivers of 142 children participated, with a mean (SD) asthma knowledge score of 54.4 (4.6). Among these children, 31 (21.8%) had poor asthma control. There was no significant difference in knowledge scores between the poorly controlled and well-controlled groups (mean [SD] 55.4 [4.0] vs. 54.1 [4.7], p = 0.16). Poor ICS adherence occurred in 9 children (6.5%) and was associated with a higher rate of poor asthma control compared to those with good adherence (16.7% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.02). Caregiver socioeconomic status, child’s age, sex, asthma characteristics, co-morbidities, passive smoking, and pet ownership showed no significant differences between groups.Conclusion: Caregivers’ asthma knowledge did not significantly impact children’s asthma outcomes. Adherence to ICS was the only significant factor associated with asthma control, highlighting the need to prioritize improving medication adherence.
